Friday, March 30, 2007

My Detachment: A Memoir

#30
Title: My Detachment: A Memoir
Author: Tracy Kidder
Publisher: Random House
Year: 2005
Genre: Autobiography/Vietnam War
192 pages
+ Well-written and a nice direction for Kidder
- Brief at times, sometimes interpersonally flat

A poignant memoir of the author's service in the Vietnam War. Following Kidder's Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World, in which the reader saw much more of Kidder's reactions and vulnerability than in the past, it is personal and poignant. Kidder describes his self-conscious adolescence and rather affected presentation of self as a Harvard undergraduate. Eager to be admired and easily influenced by others, he joins ROTC and completes a 1-year tour in Vietnam. His consciousness of classism and racism emerges over the course of this time but is not well-articulated, which I understand as Kidder's effort to reflect his consciousness at the time. His understanding of sexism is more nascent, though Kidder-as-narrator does note that the novel he wrote after his service was about a man done in by trying to protect a Vietnamese woman from rape.

Kidder depicts himself as an uneasy, sometimes self-loathing, self-absorbed young adult. He quotes from letters in which he lied to familiy and friends, exaggerating the danger he was in, his herosim, and his charity toward imaginary Vietnamese children. His actual war experience appears generally not to have put him at great risk (though certainly the strain of living in a war zone takes its toll).

Though Kidder has a coherent story to tell about his coming of age, he tells a more interesting parallel story about the development of a writer. He quotes excerpts from his novel and letters, showing not only the development of his craft, but also the development of a narrating (and sometimes fantasizing the camera shots) persona, one who is sometimes unreliable. As some reviewers have pointed out, his interest in The Great Gatsby may signal that the reader should take the present narrative with a grain of salt, though I wonder if its possible lack of reliability errs in the opposite direction--Kidder seems awfully hard on his younger self.

The title suggests not only Kidder's unit, but also his lack of attachment at the time, his lack of connection to Vietnam (he seems to have stayed in a fairly small military bubble by choice), and perhaps the act of detaching from the experience from his current vantage. It's a good title. If anything, the narrative is just a little too detached, and I wonder where the immediacy of, for example, fear has gone. Perhaps the narrative replicates what appears to be depression, or reflects the isolation in and out of which he moved. There is more than a whiff of failure about Kidder's command, relationships, and writing, at least in retrospect.

Read with Swofford's Jarhead: A Marine's Chronicle of the Gulf War and Other Battles and Jenning's Mouthful of Rocks: Modern Adventures in the French Foreign Legion to immerse yourself in the boredom of war. Jenning is said by some to be a boastful and unreliable narrator, so these two accounts nicely bracket Kidder's year as an REMF. For musings on men and how masculinity can be used oppressively by other men, pair it with Vincent's Self-Made Man: One Woman's Year Disguised as a Man, which I've reviewed and disliked, but which could be a useful foil for Kidder's account.

Thursday, March 29, 2007

Hawaii's Birds (6th ed.)


#29
Title: Hawaii's Birds (6th ed.)
Author: Hawaii Audubon Society
Publisher: Hawaii Audubon Society
Year: 2005
Genre: Field Guide
141 pages
+ Easier to use than previous edition, better photos and color register
- Some photos omitted from previous edition were helpful for identification, still some disorganization
I've pulled the cover graphic from the Hawaii Audubon site; it shows both sides of the cover. To order, click on the title above, which is linked to the Hawaii Audubon online store.

This new edition is a great improvement over the 5th. Entries cover 141 species and subspecies. Birds are still organized by habitat, but page headers and color coding make finding a bird much quicker, which is useful for field identification. Symbols showing endemic, indigenous, alien, visitor, and endangered species are clearer. The endemic bird list and distribution maps have been updated, as have references and descriptions (for example, this edition notes the split of the African Silverbill [Lonchura cantans] from the Warbling Silverbill [Lonchura malabarica]). Each entry includes 1-2 photos (many of higher quality than in thge previous edition), the common name, Hawaiian name, genus and species (plus subspecies where relevant), distribution, description, voice, and habits. The "voice" and "habits" sections are especially helpful for differentiating between birds of similar habitat and appearance. A collection of island maps in the back provide a quick reference for common birds.

Although the color-coded tabs make the book much more usable, it's still not clear what determined the order in which birds appear within each section. It is the same as in the 5th edition and is not alphabetical by common name, Hawaiian name, or genus; it also is not in order of relative frequency. While I appreciate most of the new photos, and particularly those of juveniles, some omissions are puzzling. For example, the 5th edition had a nice photo of a White-tailed Tropicbird from above, showing the black markings on its wings that help differentiate it from the Red-tailed Tropicbird when it is at a distance and the tail color can't be seen. This was especially useful since viewing opportunities at Kilauea Point and Waimea Canyon are often from overhead and at a distance. The 5th edition also included a facing page photo of an immature Red-tailed Tropicbird, illustrating the description of "heavy black barring on upperparts" (5th ed., p. 16). This photo is omitted from the 6th edition. Thus, there is now a notation of the juvenile Red-tail's "heavy black barring" and the adult White-tail's "black marks on wings and back" but no photo of either to guide the reader. Since the text notes that a third species, the Red-billed Tropicbird, has recently been seen at Kiluea Point, and that it has "heavily barred upperparts," the identification is muddier still for those not already familiar with the three species.

If I were in charge of the the 7th edition, I would organize each section by main color or by most-to-least common, include a photo of an immature bird when this aids differentiation, include a colored notation by each bird identifying the islands on which it is found (to supplement the text and the endemic checklist in the back), and move birds presumed to be extinct or exceptionally rare to a new section.

This field guide is useful for quick identifications of the expected birds; less so for visitors. It has the virtue of large photos and is small enough to carry easily. For more comprehensive coverage, spring the $45 for Pratt et al.'s A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Yes, it's woefully out of date (it was last revised in 1987), but it provides illustrations of juveniles and adults of both sexes, side-by-side species, and a broader geographic range. Pratt's newer Enjoying Birds and Other Wildlife in Hawai'i (revised 2002) is light on bird photos but heavy on viewing sites, species lists, and information. It includes military bases and atolls; you can't get there from here but it's still interesting to know. It could be heavier on "other wildlife" (a 4-page sop rather than a real focus; on my last trip I saw butterflies, other insects, an amphibian, a reptile, and a nice big spider that aren't represented here).
Of the 141 birds represented in the Audubon book, we saw 40-41 (one identification still pending) in 4 days this month, one at the airport on O'ahu, the others on Kaua'i at Kilauea Point NWR, Hanalei NWR, Waimea Canyon SP, Koke'e SP, Alaka'i Wilderness and along the Kuhio and Kaumuali'i highways, as well as outside the hotel.

For those who enjoy this game, or who doubt that I actually read field guides straight through, here's what we saw (in order of appearance in the book). A * means a first sighting for me.

Common Name (Hawaiian Name) Genus species subspecies
*Laysan Albatross (Moli) Phoebastria immutablis
Red-tailed Tropicbird (Koa'e 'ula) Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchosWhite-tailed Tropicbird (Koa'e Kea) Phaethon lepturus dorotheae
Red-footed Booby ('A) Sula sula rubrides
Great Frigatebird ('Iwa) Fregata minor palmerstoniBlack-crowned Night-heron ('Auku'u) Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
[Hawaiian Duck] (Koloa) Anas wyvillianaHawaiian Coot ('Alae Ke'oke'o) Fulica alai*Common Moorhen [or Hawaiian Gallinule] ('Alae 'Ula) Gallinula chloropus sandvicensisBlack-Necked Stilt [Hawaiian Stilt] (Ae'o) Himantopus mexicanus knudseni*Pacific Golden-Plover (Kolea) Pluvialis fulva *Ruddy Turnstone ('Akekeke) Arenaria interprens
*Wandering Tattler ('Ulili) Heteroscelus incanus
[Hawaiian Goose] (Nene) Branta sandvicensis
*Short-eared Owl (Pueo) Asio flammeus sandwichensis
*Erckel's Francolin (-) Francolinus erckelli
Western Meadowlark (-) Sturnella neglecta*Kaua'i 'Elepaio ('Elepaio) Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri
*- ('Akeke'e) Loxops cauruleirostris
*Kaua'i 'Amakihi ('Amakihi) Hemignathus kauaiensis [recent species split]
- ('Apapane) Himatione sanguinea
- ('I'iwi) Vestinaria coccinea
White-rumped Shama (-) Copsychus malabaricusRed Junglefowl (Moa) Gallus gallusCattle egret (-) Bubulcus ibis
Japanese White-eye [Mejiro] (-) Zosterops japonicusSpotted dove (-) Streptopelia chinensis
Rock dove (-) Columba livia [yes, a pigeon]
Zebra Dove (-) Geopelia striata
Red-vented bulbul (-) Pycnonotus cafer [O'ahu]
Common Myna (-) Acridotheres tristis
*Northern Mockingbird (-) Mimus polyglottos
Northern Cardinal (-) Cardinalis cardinalis
Red-crested Cardinal (-) Paroaria coronataHouse Sparrow (-) Passer domesticus
House Finch (-) Carpodacus mexicanusJava Sparrow (-) Padda oryzivora*African Silverbill (-) Lonchura cantans [pending photo review]
Chestnut Munia [Chestnut Mannikin] (-) Lonchura atricapilla*Nutmeg Mannikin (-) Lonchura punctulata

Plus feral domestic chickens

The Seventh Tower: Aenir


#28
Title: The Seventh Tower: Aenir
Author: Garth Nix
Publisher: Scholastic
Year: 2001
Genre: Children's Fantasy
233 pages
+ Excellent world-building and character development, use of previous foreshadowing and further foreshadowing
- No substantive critiques
The third in the series. Though still picaresque at times, the action now coalesces around some central concerns. At the level of the characters' preoccupations, both Tal and Milla have quests to fulfill, and dreams of their own power and failure to contend with. At the level of the story, both characters continue to become more distinct, more differentiated, and more complex. An important theme is that of surpassing one's parents and community in skills and knowledge. Both shift their roles and take on aspects of each other's culture. Both draw on previous knowledge (here, moreso Tal, though in the previous volume it was Milla).

Nix fills in some information about this world's history, which is not only absorbing but central to the plot. He manages a great deal of exposition in ways that do not interrupt the narrative. The reader, Tal, and Milla learn about parallels and connections in their people's histories. At the same time, the protagonists both become more similar, and retain their own characters Milla's logic and thinking are distinct from Tal's. Tal learns more about his family, Milla learns more about her ancestors, and Master Sushin lurks in the background, an excelent villain.

The binding of the Spiritshadows is evocative of the relationship between magicians and demons in Stroud'sBartimaeus trilogy; the evocation of a dimly-seen and grand ancient history is similar to Brin's in Glory Season. I'm looking forward to book 4.

Wednesday, March 28, 2007

Old reviews

Long ago when I was a sweet young thing and not the jaded harridan I have since become, I was a starving graduate student. When I wasn't being a guinea pig for transdermal alcohol studies at the local hospital, I would sit on the floor of my chilly apartment and type book reviews in the approved format on my Smith-Corona and send them to Publisher's Weekly. At about that time, Al Gore invented the Internet, which I have on good authority is a series of tubes. From the mouths of these tubes I have learned to write l33t, refer to the Internet as "teh intarwebs," and authoritatively state, "IM IN UR x, y-IN UR z." Less importantly, the tubes now disgorge the back reviews from Publisher's Weekly. Here are the ones I wrote:


March 21, 1994: 
The Girl Wants To: Women's Representations of Sex and the Body by Lynn Crosbie (ed.)


August 8, 1994: 
Two Friends and Other 19th-Century Lesbian Stories by American Women Writers by Susan Koppelman (ed.)


October 3, 1994: 
Matricide by Carla Tomasso*


November 7, 1994: 
Sister Safety Pin by Lorrie Sprecher*

February 13, 1995: Getting to the Point by Teresa Stores



April 17, 1995: 
Eccentric & Bizarre Behaviors by Louis R. Franzini and John M. Grossberg


July 11, 1994: 
Edited Out by Lisa Haddock*


August 21, 1995: 
Joining the Tribe: Growing Up Gay and Lesbian in the '90s by Linnea Due*

I think that's it; I'd have to check an old CV to be sure. I'd recommend any that I've starred. What's just so darned cool is looking up the books on Amazon or Powell's and seeing my reviews under "From Publisher's Weekly." My anonymous immortality, at least until the enormous electromagnetic pulse that wipes out the tubes, the D00DZ, and who knows what else.

Tuesday, March 27, 2007

Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World

#27
Title: Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World
Author: Tracy Kidder
Publisher: Random House
Year: 2003
Genre: Biography/Medical Anthropology
317 pages+ Satisfying tone and pace, an uplifting and far-flung narrative- Nothing substantive to critique
Highly readable and very satisfying, this is, to the best of my knowledge, the first of Kidder's books in which he appears other than as a distanced narrator. While House and The Soul of a New Machine were certainly very enjoyable, Mountains beyond Mountains is simply engrossing. This is due not only to its subject, the eccentric, opinionated, and deeply generous Dr. Paul Farmer, but also to Kidder's participation as an active player. Given the subject (poverty, disease, and class bias), Kidder's vulnerability, sometimes-irritation with Farmer, and willingness to slog over Haitian mountains hour after hour to visit patients with him lend the narrative a personal immediacy that is both consonant with those foci and serves as an enactment of the effects of Farmer's works: The event may be a world AIDS conference with global implications, and Kidder reports both the unfolding medical policy decisions and his concern about having offended Farmer with an offhand remark.

Farmer is a character, and Kidder gives the reader ample opportunity to see his many facets: Brillian intellectual, maddening boss, odd duck, lovable eccentric, annoying narcissist, and others. Farmer is a man with a vision, one with an admirable talent for sitting down and whipping out such seminal works as Infections and Inequalities and Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor in record time. Clearly deeply committed to his work and to humanity, Farmer seems like a hard person to live with, and I admire both his deeds and the people committed to supporting him in them.

Central to Farmer's work, and hence to Kidder's narrative, is the question of triage: How are resources allocated? Who is first in line? To what extent should affluent nations provide external (non-sustainable) resources for poor nations? Less well-treated, but amply alluded to, is the question of the balance between indigenous and Western allopathic medical practices. In this regard, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures is an excellent companion piece. I will be re-reading and reviewing it shortly.

Kidder's voice, self-reflection, and observations here were sufficient to make me buy his next book, My Detachment: A Memoir, which treats Kidder's Vietnam service.

Sunday, March 18, 2007

Charlie Bone and the Hidden King


Author: Jenny NimmoPublisher: Scholastic
Year: 2006
Genre: Children/Fantasy
441 pages
+ More plot advancement than in previous volumes
- The same problems of inadequate character development, coherent motives, and deus ex machina that plague the previous volumes in this series

On the one hand, this is a better book that the three of four that came before it. On the other hand, it still demonstrates why J. K. Rowling has had such phenomenal success not just with children but with adult readers as well.

I'm very puzzled about why Charlie has made so little exploration and use of his endowment. He is possibly the most uninquisitive protagonist I've encountered in young adult literature. However, this dullness may be explained by his community's lack of curiosity--all the animals disappear and the only notice they make of this is that it must have something to do with those weirdos at Bloor's Academy? One hopes they'd be more interested in where fried chicken comes from when there are no chickens.

As usual, story events are largely picaresque, un-prepared for or clumsily foreshadowed, and inconsistent. "Charlie's old enemy, Damian (sic) Smerk" appears briefly (p. 171), but previous mention of Damien is so scant that even online concordances by Charlie Bone devotees have nothing to say about him. Ezekiel claims he can "rearrange history" using Charlie's endowment; why would this work if the time-twister didn't (oh, except it did, after we were told that it couldn't). Hidden under a table, Charlie sees "an upside-down face" appear as someone looks under the table. Try this at home and discover that it is impossible unless the person climbed over the table and, laying upon it, looked over the opposite side--hardly likely to happen covertly at a major formal dinner. "Count Harken," a bit-player who married the Red King's daughter, evokes Count Olaf. Why did Miss Chrystal disguise her relationship to Joshua Tilpin? Uncle Patton: Too dumb to cancel his gourmet food baskets? "Charlie, I forgot to tell you. Tolly Twelve Bells has been stolen" (p. 289). Finally! The return of a plot element--but nothing further comes of this. The Mirror of Amoret only works for children of the Red King. Oops, but no, it works for the enchanter because "he is an enchanter" (p. 294). Okay, glad we got that straightened out. "Oh, I forgot" a mysterious communication from Skarpo, says Charlie (p. 326). Bodyguards are too stupid to stop a young girl from entering the exclusive suite of a powerful enchanter (p. 359 ff.). "The spell!...Idiot that I am. I forgot it" says Patton (p. 386). The moral of this paragraph is that the world is inexplicable when run by persons of average intelligence.

The one saving grace of this volume is the change of allegiance that occurs for one relatively important character. It inspires the only emotion I have experienced in this series to date.

In terms of printing issues, this book (in hardback, at least) does not have the misplaced preface about the Red King and his time-twister that appeared incorrectly in volumes 3 and 4. However, in the description of the series at the back of the book, it gives Henry Yewbeam's name as "Hart," which is inaccurate and puzzling. "Hart Noble" owns Kingdom's; Henry Yewbeam appears on the family tree as "Henry" and this is his name in the UK edition as well. Such sloppiness speaks to me of a book rushed into print without adequate attention to detail. This is a sign of the publisher treating the work as genre fiction, rather than giving it its due as literature. I usually think highly of Scholastic, but this series is causing me to re-evaluate that.

Saturday, March 3, 2007

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything


#25
Title: Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
Authors: Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner
242 pages (book club edition)
Publisher: William Morrow
Year: 2005
Genre: Economics/Culture
242 pages
+ A fun foray into seemingly dissimilar questions about society, readable
- Cumbersome transitions at times, dismisses other arguments in suspect ways

This was a good-enough non-fiction read, though I think it does illustrate the idea that a bestseller may be appealing without being rigorous. As companion pieces, read Gladwell's The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference and Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking; Gladwell addresses some topics in common with Freakonomics and though one may also question his accuracy, he is a better writer.

Accuracy is a bit hard to evaluate here, since the methodology and statistics aren't described. My impression is that there is an over-reliance on correlation and that at times it is confused with causality. In addition, the justification for calling this research "economic" rather than "sociological," for example, seems to be the conversion of what we might understand as "psychological motivation" into "economic incentive." I'm not opposed to this, but when I consider how to design some of these correlational studies from my perspective as a psychologist, I wouldn't do anything different (other than underscore more firmly in my popular reporting that correlation is not causality). I question what appears to be mystique-building on the authors' part in this regard.

Each chapter is preceded by an annoying, self-aggrandizing excerpt about Levitt from one of Dubner's articles. I found these really offputting and was glad to learn that they have been removed from the revised edition, apparently because I was not alone in finding them irksome.

Like all reports of statistics describing a large number of participants, these reports provide, at best, generalizations about how the majority of those surveyed or observed behave (or so I assume--measures of central tendency were not reported, nor was the degree of significance in most cases). As anyone who does not have 2.3 children knows, statistical samples tell us about a fictional person. I remind you of the joke about the three statisticians who go deer-hunting. They spy a magnificent buck and the first statistician exclaims, "It's mine!" BANG! Her bullet goes two yards to the left of the deer. "No, it's mine!" calls the second. BANG! Her bullet goes two yard to the right, and the third statistician yells, "Bullseye!" This book would be more interesting, and more useful, if it told us something about the range and tails of the distribution in each study, giving the reader a better understanding of human experience, or, as our unique and individual experiences are known to statisticians, "error."